📝 What Is a Resale Certificate?
A Resale Certificate is a state-issued document that allows U.S. businesses to purchase goods for resale without paying sales tax at the time of purchase.
When you buy inventory — whether from wholesalers, distributors, or suppliers — this certificate tells them:
“I’m not the final consumer — I’m reselling this product to someone else.”
This is crucial for e-commerce sellers, Amazon FBA merchants, retail stores, and dropshippers operating within the United States.
🎯 Who Needs a Resale Certificate?
- Amazon sellers shipping inventory to U.S. fulfillment centers
- Shopify, Etsy, and eBay sellers storing or dropshipping from within the U.S.
- Non-residents running a U.S. company that buys/sells physical products
- Businesses purchasing wholesale goods from U.S.-based suppliers
- Entrepreneurs using 3PLs or U.S. warehouses for order fulfillment
Without a resale certificate, you’ll be forced to pay sales tax on every product you buy — even though you’re not the final user.
Benefits of Getting a Resale Certificate
• ✅ Buy inventory tax-free from U.S. suppliers
• ✅ Increase profit margins on every unit sold
• ✅ Required by most major wholesale platforms (Faire, Alibaba U.S., etc.)
• ✅ Establishes trust and compliance with suppliers
• ✅ Avoids double taxation (paying tax when buying AND selling)
• ✅ Legally recognized by state tax authorities
🛠 Example Use Case
You’re an Amazon seller importing goods to a fulfillment center in California. Without a resale certificate, your supplier charges 7.25% sales tax on $10,000 of inventory = $725 lost upfront.
With a valid certificate, you skip that cost legally — and keep more profit.
📄 What Do You Need to Apply?
- A U.S. LLC or Corporation
- EIN from the IRS
- Business address and contact info
- Nature of business (retail, e-commerce, wholesale, etc.)
- States where you do business or store inventory
- Sometimes a Sales Tax Permit is required first (we help with both)
⚠ Legal Warning: Misuse of Resale Certificate
• Using the certificate for personal purchases = fraud
• Buying items not intended for resale (e.g., equipment, services) is illegal
• States may audit your business and charge back taxes + interest + penalties
Always keep proper resale records, invoices, and exemption forms — especially in multiple states.
📍 U.S. Sales Tax Rates by State (2024)
| State | Base Rate | Avg. Combined Rate |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 4.00% | 9.24% |
| Alaska | 0.00% | 1.76% |
| Arizona | 5.60% | 8.37% |
| Arkansas | 6.50% | 9.47% |
| California | 7.25% | 8.82% |
| Colorado | 2.90% | 7.78% |
| Connecticut | 6.35% | 6.35% |
| Delaware | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Florida | 6.00% | 7.02% |
| Georgia | 4.00% | 7.40% |
| Hawaii | 4.00% | 4.44% |
| Idaho | 6.00% | 6.03% |
| Illinois | 6.25% | 8.83% |
| Indiana | 7.00% | 7.00% |
| Iowa | 6.00% | 7.02% |
| Kansas | 6.50% | 8.70% |
| Kentucky | 6.00% | 6.00% |
| Louisiana | 4.45% | 9.55% |
| Maine | 5.50% | 5.50% |
| Maryland | 6.00% | 6.00% |
| Massachusetts | 6.25% | 6.25% |
| Michigan | 6.00% | 6.00% |
| Minnesota | 6.88% | 7.50% |
| Mississippi | 7.00% | 7.07% |
| Missouri | 4.23% | 8.29% |
| Montana | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Nebraska | 5.50% | 6.94% |
| Nevada | 6.85% | 8.23% |
| New Hampshire | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| New Jersey | 6.63% | 6.63% |
| New Mexico | 5.13% | 7.84% |
| New York | 4.00% | 8.52% |
| North Carolina | 4.75% | 6.98% |
| North Dakota | 5.00% | 6.96% |
| Ohio | 5.75% | 7.24% |
| Oklahoma | 4.50% | 8.98% |
| Oregon | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Pennsylvania | 6.00% | 6.34% |
| Rhode Island | 7.00% | 7.00% |
| South Carolina | 6.00% | 7.46% |
| South Dakota | 4.50% | 6.40% |
| Tennessee | 7.00% | 9.55% |
| Texas | 6.25% | 8.20% |
| Utah | 4.85% | 7.20% |
| Vermont | 6.00% | 6.30% |
| Virginia | 5.30% | 5.75% |
| Washington | 6.50% | 8.86% |
| West Virginia | 6.00% | 6.55% |
| Wisconsin | 5.00% | 5.43% |
| Wyoming | 4.00% | 5.36% |
🕒 When Should You Apply for a Resale Certificate?
- Before purchasing inventory from U.S. suppliers
- When applying for a wholesale account
- If you’re selling products inside the U.S. or storing in U.S. warehouses
- As part of your tax planning and compliance strategy
💡 Expert Tip from INCHUB
“The resale certificate is the key to wholesale pricing and tax efficiency in the U.S. retail system. Without it, you’re burning profit on every order — and putting your business at tax risk.”
